Day 2 :
Keynote Forum
Hussein O. Ammar
Chairman, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Future University, Egypt
Keynote: Recent Applications of Nanotechnology in Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
Time : 10:50-11:40
Biography:
Dr. Hussein Ammar, Holder of the First Class Golden Medal for Sciences and Arts and the recipient of the 2010 Appreciation State Prize in the realm of Advanced Technological Sciences. Professor Ammar is currently the Chairman, Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt; formerly, Dean of the Pharmacy Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. He has 123 research papers published in international scientific journals. These research papers cover most of the areas related to pharmaceutics, bio pharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics. Design of new drug delivery systems is not beyond the scope of his interest.
Abstract:
Nanotechnology is attracting great attention worldwide in biomedicine. Targeted therapy based on drug nanocarrier systems enhances the treatment of tumors and enables the development of targeted drug delivery systems.In recent years, theranostics are emerging as the next generation of multifunctional nanomedicine to improve the therapeutic outcome of cancer therapy. Polymeric nanoparticles with targeting moieties containing magnetic nanoparticles as theranostic agents have considerable potential for the treatment of cancer.The use of directed enzyme prodrug therapy (DEPT) has been investigated as a means to improve the tumor selectivity of therapeutics. Magnetic DEPT involves coupling the bioactive prodrug-activating enzyme to magnetic nanoparticles that are then selectively delivered to the tumor by applying an external magnetic field. Gene therapy is an attractive method for meeting the needs for curing brain disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. On the other hand, due to the fact that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is resistant to standard chemotherapeutic agents, gene therapy appears to be a more effective cure for HCC patients.Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery is a novel technique for enhancing the penetration of drugs into diseased tissue beds noninvasively. This technique is broadly appealing, given the potential of ultrasound to control drug delivery spatially and temporally in a noninvasive manner.
Keynote Forum
Thomas Prevenslik
QED Radiations, Hong Kong
Keynote: Nanoparticles and DNA damage
Time : 10:00-10:50
Biography:
Thomas Prevenslik developed the simple theory of QED based on the Planck law of QM. Differing from the complex QED by Feynman and others, simple QED assumes any heat absorbed in nanoparticles having high surface-to-volume ratios place interior atoms under high EM confinement that by the Planck law of QM precludes the atoms from having the heat capacity to conserve heat by an increase in temperature. In the instant topic of Nanoparticles and DNA damage, the NPs are not physical entities, but rather are nano globules that form from adjuvants upon mixing with water prior to spraying, the adjuvants added to Monsanto’s herbicide glyphosate to enhance penetration through the leaves of weeds. Since crops are contiguous with weeds, the NPs of nano bubbles finally reside in the crop and upon ingestion in the human. Heat produced in metabolism produces low levels of UV radiation that damages the DNA of nearby cells. Monsanto is urged to stop the use of the glyphosate and adjuvants to avoid DNA damage leading to cancer in the present and successive human generations.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Nanoparticles or NPs are known to cause DNA damage [1] for over at least the past decades, but the causal relation of NPs to human health remains unknown. Chemical reactions of NPs with the DNA cannot be the causal relation as DNA damage occurs [2] even with inert gold NPs suggesting a physical causal relation such as high temperature. Photodynamic therapy [3] is thought to kill cancer cells by high temperatures in laser heating of NPs. Although the laser increases the temperature of surrounding tissue, the NP temperature itself does not because the Planck law of QM requires [4] the NP heat capacity to vanish. QM stands for quantum mechanics. Methodology: Contrarily, photodynamic therapy does not induce necrosis of cancers by increasing the temperature of the quantum sized NPs, and instead NPs produce EM radiation beyond the UV that induces cancer necrosis suggesting the causal relation of NPs to human health is therefore the well-known genotoxicity of DNA to UV radiation. The wavelength ï¬ of the emitted EM radiation is, ï¬ = 2nd, where n and d are the refractive index and diameter of the NP. For NPs having n = 1.5, DNA damage for EM radiation beyond the UVC ( ï¬ < 254 nm ) occurs [5] for NP diameters d < 85 nm as shown in Figure 1. Discussion: Solar UV is only thought to cause DNA damage to the skin and may lead to cancer, but cannot penetrate the skin to damage internal organs. However, NPs rescind this paradigm. Indeed, NPs by entering the body in the GM food we eat produce [1] the low levels UV to damage the DNA of tissue in the gut and digestive tract. The DNA damage from GM food that includes NPs in Monsanto’s Roundup herbicide tot enhances crop yields by controlling weeds in modern agriculture are discussed. GM stands for genetically modified. Recommendations To avoid genetic cancers in human DNA evolution, herbicide manufacturers should stop use of NPs in controlling weeds.
Keynote Forum
Shaker A. Mousa
The Pharmaceutical research Institute,ACPHS,Albany, USA
Keynote: Advanced Drug Delivery: Nano-targeted delivery for Therapeutic and Imaging
Time : 11:50-12:25
Biography:
Dr. Mousa finished PhD from Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH and Post-doctoral Fellowship, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY. He also received his MBA from Widener University, Chester, PA. Dr. Mousa is currently an endowed tenure Professor and Executive Vice President and Chairman of the Pharmaceutical Research Institute and Vice Provost for Research at ACPHS. Prior to his academic career, Dr. Mousa was a senior Scientist and fellow at The DuPont Pharmaceutical Company for 17 years where he contributed to the discovery and development of several FDA approved and globally marketed diagnostics and Therapeutics. He holds over 350 US and International Patents discovering novel anti-angiogenesis strategies, antithrombotics, anti-integrins, anti-cancer, and non-invasive diagnostic imaging approaches employing various Nanotechnology platforms. His has published more than 1,000 journal articles, book chapters, published patents, and books as editor and author. He is a member of several NIH study sections, and the editorial board of several high impact Journals. His research has focused on diagnostics and therapeutics of angiogenesis-related disorders, thrombosis, vascular and cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract:
Targeted delivery of drug incorporated nanoparticles, through conjugation of tumor-specific cell surface markers, such as tumor-specific antibodies or ligands can not only enhance the efficacy of the anticancer drug but also reduce the unwanted toxicity of the drug. Additionally, multifunctional characteristics of the nano-carrier system would allow for simultaneous imaging of tumor mass, targeted drug delivery and monitoring. A summary of recent progress in nanotechnology as it relates specifically to nanoparticles and anticancer drug delivery will be reviewed. Nano Nutraceuticals using combination of various natural products provide a great potential in cancer management. Additionally, various Nanomedicine approaches for the detection and treatment of various types of clots organ specific delivery, vascular targeting, improved PK / PD, and vaccine will be briefly discussed.
Learning Objectives: Highlight the Role of Nanobiotechnology and other enabling technologies in the followings:
- Targeted Drug Delivery
- Improved PK and PD
- Early detection (Imaging)
- Targeted Delivery of Chemotherapy for optimal efficacy and safety
- Nano synthesis and assembly of various platforms for Targeted Delivery
- Nanobiotechnology in shortening the time and risk of Drug Discovery and Development
Keynote Forum
Haruo Sugi
Department of Physiology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Keynote: Myosin head power stroke does not obey predictions based on the swinging lever arm mechanism of muscle contraction
Time : 9:30 AM - 10 :00 AM
Biography:
Haruo Sugi graduated from post-graduated school in the University of Tokyo with the degree of PhD in 1962, and was appointed to be an Instructor in Physiology, in the University of Tokyo Medical School. From 1965 to 1967, he worked at Columbia University as research associate, and at the National Institutes of Health as a visiting scientist. Sugi was Professor and Chairman in Teikyo University Medical School from 1973 to 2004 when he became Emeritus Professor. He was Chairman of Muscle Commission in the International Union of Physiological Sciences from 1998 to 2008 (IUPS). He organized Symposia on molecular mechanism of muscle contraction six times, each followed by Proceeding published from University of Tokyo Press, Plenum, Kluwer and Springer and regarded as milestones of progress in this area of research work.
Abstract:
Although more than 50 years have passed since the monumental discovery of sliding filament mechanism in muscle contraction, the molecular mechanism of myosin head movement, coupled with ATP hydrolysis, is still a matter for debate and speculation. A most straightforward way to study myosin head movement, producing myofilament sliding, may be to directly record ATP-induced myosin head movement in hydrated, living myosin filaments using the gas environmental chamber (EC) attached to an electron microscope . While the EC has long been used by materials scientists for the in situ observation of chemical reaction of inorganic compounds, we are the only group successfully using the EC to record myosin head movement in living myosin filaments. We position-mark individual myosin heads by attaching gold particles (diameter, 20nm) via three different monoclonal antibodies, attaching to (1) at the distal region of myosin head catalytic domain (CAD), (2) at the myosin head converter domain(COD), and (3) at the myosin head lever arm domain(LD). First, we recoded ATP-induced myosin head movement in the absence of actin filaments, and found that myosin heads moved away from, but not towards, the central bare region of myosin filaments. We also succeeded in recording ATP-induced myosin head power stroke in actin-myosin filament mixture. Since only a limited proportion of myosin heads can be activated by a limited amount of ATP applied, myosin heads only move by stretching adjacent sarcomere structures. As shown in Fig.1, myosin head CAD did not move parallel to the filament axis in the standard ionic strength (B), while it moved parallel to the filament axis (C). These results indicate that myosin head movement does not necessarily obey predictions of the swinging lever arm hypothesis appearing in every textbooks as an established fact.
Keynote Forum
Debabrata (Dev) Mukhopadhyay
Professor, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Biomedical Engineering;Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science,Florida, USA
Keynote: Single-walled carbon nanotubes as sensors of reactive species: Potential therapeutic implications
Time : 11:50-12:25
Biography:
Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida, has a joint appointment with the Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering. He has specific expertise in key research areas including Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases and Neurodegenerative diseases. As a postdoctoral fellow, later as an Associate Professor at Harvard Medical School, Boston, he carried out angiogenesis and tumor microenvironment related research. After moving to Mayo Clinic as a Professor and also as Leader of both Tumor Microenvironment program and Translational Nanomedicine Programs, he has been supervising additional research areas including targeted drug delivery and novel drug development. He has published more than 198 peer-reviewed manuscripts in different journals including Nature, Nature Medicine, Caner Cell, Cancer Research, Nano Letters and other highly rated journals. He has several patents and has been involving to develop different start-up companies in the area of therapy and diagnosis of the diseases.
Abstract:
Reactive species, specifically nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), activate signal transduction pathways during angiogenesis and other biological systems and therefore play important roles in physiological development as well as various pathophysiologies. Herein, we utilize a near-infrared fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) sensor array to measure the single-molecule efflux of NO and H2O2 from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and cancer cells in response to angiogenic stimulation or chemotherapeutic drugs. The nanosensor array consists of a SWNT embedded within a collagen matrix that exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity to single molecules of specific reactive species. We observed that the production of H2O2 following VEGF stimulation is elevated outside of HUVEC, but not for stimulation via nanorods, while increased generation is observed in the cytoplasm for both cases, suggesting two distinct signaling pathways. In addition, we are able to detect the spatial resolution of NO in HUVEC cells in response to VEGF. Moreover, by employing transmission electron microscopy, confocal fluorescent microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopic analysis, we have confirmed the internalization of DNA-SWCNT in HUVECs. Additionally, by using pharmacological inhibitors as well as genetic approaches, we have found that SWCNT is endocytosed through Rac1- GTPase mediated macropinocytosis in normal endothelial cells. Our work reveals a unique mode of entry of SWCNT in cells and might help to properly formulate SWCNT as nanovectors in biological systems. Moreover, the SWNT platform can be employed for early detection and therapeutic intervention of patients from liquid biopsies; this topic will be discussed as well.
- Nano Biotechnology | Regulatory Aspects towards Approval of Nanomedicine |Nanotechnology in Water Treatment Materials Science and Engineering | Advanced Nanomaterials | Carbon Nanotechnology | Nanomedicine Applications | Nano Particles Nanotechnology Products and Markets | Green Nanotechnology |Graphene and 2D Materials- New Materials for the 21st Century
Session Introduction
Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
Nanotechnology Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Iran
Title: Improving liposomal cisplatin formulation: What we have learned after 4 year studies
Biography:
Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh has her expertise in delivery of chemotherapeutics using liposome nanoparticles. Her PhD thesis focused on improving cisplatin nanoliposome properties in the treatment of cancer. She prepared and characterized several nanoliposoml formulations and evaluate their efficacy in murine model of tumors. In the light of her experience in this field, she now initiated new project in which she aimed at using novel method of drug loading to improve the efficacy of the liposomal cisplatin. It would be a promising approach in the future development of nanoliposomal cisplatin formulation.
Abstract:
Statement of the Problem: Cisplatin is a widely used drug in cancer chemotherapy which is associated with dose-limiting side effects. Liposomes, the well-known lipid-based nanoparticles, were extensively explored to improve drug activity and reduce normal tissue toxicities of chemotherapeutics. So far, there are three cisplatin liposomes (CL) in clinical trials. Despite reducing side effects, most formulations show poor anti-tumor activity due to insufficient drug bioavailability at the tumor site. During our research project aimed at improving CL, a number of liposomes were prepared to enhance either cisplatin release or liposome uptake by the tumor cells. Methodology & Theoretical Orientation: Liposomes with lipids of different melting points and fusogenic properties were prepared by lipid film method to optimize the release of drug in vitro and in vivo in C26 mice model. The Anti-HER-2 affibody targeted liposomes were also compared with non-targeted liposomes to assess the efficacy of active targeting in murine breast tumor model. Further, in a murine model of C26, the therapeutic efficacy of thermos-sensitive liposomes with different HSPC/DPPC lipid ratios were evaluated upon various heating protocols. Findings: Results indicated that lipid components greatly affect release pattern of drug from liposomes; the fluid bilayers increased drug release but showed instability in vivo. Active targeting by HER2-affibody liposomes significantly increased cell uptake of liposomes. Also, external heat trigger prolonged the survival of animals by enhancing drug release. Conclusion & Significance: Using targeting ligand on the surface of liposome and optimizing lipid components, are valuable approaches resulting in a significant uptake and release of drug from liposome. However, the issue of optimum drug loading still remain. So, this results encourage us to initiate a new project to achieve the desired intra-liposomal drug concentration with the use of new loading method which would be highly desirable for the future development of promising CL formulation.
Biography:
Monica Thukkaram has completed her M.Sc. in Biomedical Engineering in 2016 from VUB/Ghent University, Belgium. She has obtained a Doctoral (PhD) grant strategic basic research (FWO), competitive grant to facilitate the pursuit of promising research with added economic value and currently pursuing her PhD at Ghent University. Her research interest focus on developing antibacterial surface coating on medical grade titanium substrates.
Abstract:
Bacterial infections associated with titanium implants remain a common problem in the orthopedic field. To overcome this, antibacterial plasma polymer nanocomposites have been studied for years due to their antibacterial potency. Unfortunately, the application of these nanocomposites is often hindered by the fact that they are soft and not mechanically stable. Therefore, a hard plasma polymer layer is crucial that can withstand wear abrasion and at the same time shows antibacterial potency. In this study, a low-pressure plasma-based method was employed for the deposition of hard polymeric nanocomposite coatings containing Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) on Ti substrates. This method uses a gas aggregation source (GAS) for the formation and deposition of Ag nanoparticles and combines it with plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of an amorphous hydrocarbon matrix (a-C:H) that is deposited in a mixture of Ar and n- hexane on substrates placed on a powered RF electrode. The matrix properties can be modified by adapting the applied RF power while the amount of incorporated Ag nanoparticles can be altered by the operational parameters of the GAS. The focus of this study is to deposit an a-C:H matrix containing Ag nanoparticles on Ti substrates and to optimize the working parameters to achieve a mechanically stable coating possessing anti-bacterial properties. Three different types of nanocomposite layers are studied: 1) nanocomposite films by simultaneous deposition of AgNPs and an a-C:H matrix 2) sandwich structures with base and top layers of a-C:H and an AgNP interlayer 3) quasi sandwich films with a base layer of a-C:H and a second layer of simultaneous deposition of AgNPs and an a-C:H matrix.UV-Vis spectroscopy was employed to characterize the Ag nanoparticle deposition efficiency at different operational parameters of the GAS. The morphology and chemical composition of different nanocomposite films were studied with SEM-EDS and XPS. Additionally, the antibacterial performance and the Ag ion release rate of the differently prepared samples were investigated. In this way, optimization of the coating deposition process resulting into hard coatings with a prolonged antibacterial efficiency will be achieved.
Shrikrishna P Yawale
Dept. of Physics, Institute of Science, Mumbai, INDIA
Title: Exploitation of conducting polymers as bio-medical sensor
Biography:
Dr. Shrikrishna P Yawale is expertise in the field of gas sensors especially he has carried out work on conducting polymers as gas sensors. He did his PhD from Amravati University, Amravati in 1992. His subject specializations are semiconducting glasses, conducting polymers, gas sensors and instrumentation. He has published more than 150 research papers in national and international journals. One book on Advanced Digital electronics, microprocessor and 8051 microcontroller is published. Under his supervision 21 students have been awarded by PhD in semiconducting glasses, conducting polymers, gas sensors and electronics. He has successfully completed two minor and one major research projects. He worked on various academic committees of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati. He has been felicitated by prestigious award of Best Teacher of Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University. Presently he is working as Professor of Physics at Institute of Science, Mumbai.
Abstract:
Nowadays various types of sensors are available in the market. Early days the inorganic compounds like SnO2, TiO2 etc were used as gas sensors. SnO2 is the prominent one and versatile metal oxide wieldy used as sensor. Now the place of metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) is replaced by conducting polymers such as polypyrrole, polyaniline, polythiophene, etc and their derivatives. These are the prominent candidates today for exploitation of sensors because of their inherent properties like easy preparation, ruggedness, long life, high sensitivity, selectivity, stability, cost effective, miniaturation and eco friendliness. Amongst these sensors especially polypyrrole and polyaniline are used on large scale right from kitchen to the scientific devices, including bio-medical appliances. The polyaniline is potentially used for detection of some peculiar diseases like genorrhoea (one of the HIV group) as bio-medical sensor. While using as bio-medical sensor the main principle of working behind this is, that it will acts as both immobilization matrix as well as physicochemical transducer i.e change in chemical signal into electrical signal. Mostly doped polyaniline is used as glucose bio-sensor, DNA, uric acid, cholesterol, pyelonepuritis (Kidney infection), immunosensor. The polypyrrole is equally important because of some special characteristics. The polypyrrole and polyaniline are having potential applications as an immunosensor which finds alternative technique in clinical diagnostics. These polymers are able to detect the interaction between an antibody and an antigen. Gonorrhoea and its related clinical syndromes are the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease (STD). The polyaniline-Au (PAni gold nanocomposite) is the important material which detects this type of STD. The PAni-Au-ITO electrode can be used as genosensor specifically for STD because of its increased surface area. A review has been made regarding exploitation and utility of conducting polymers and their derivatives for bio-medical sensor application. It is observed that these type of materials especially polyaniline and polypyrrole are most prominent and suitable candidates for preparation of various types of sensors including gas sensors and bio-medical sensors. These sensors are very stable and have more sensitivity than the oxide materials.
Erumalla Venkatanagaraju
Assistant Professor, Department of Life Sciences, Christ University
Title: Development of self assembled nano carriers for colon cancer
Biography:
Dr. Erumalla Venkatanagaraju is currently working as Assistant Professor at the Christ University. He received his Ph.D. on Microbial Therapeutic Enzymes Production from the University of Acharya Nagarjuna. He completed his Masters Biochemistry from the University of Kakatiya. He then worked at the Institute of Nano Science and Technology, served as Post-Doctoral Fellow and Assistant Professor at the Garden City University in Bengaluru. He has authored 23 publications in various reputed journals. His publications reflect his research interests in clinical application of enzymes and soft nano structures. He is also an Editor of the 13 national and international journals. He is serving as a member in Association of Biotechnology and Pharmacy, Indian Pharmaceutical Association and World Society Interdisciplinary Anti-Aging Medicine. He is currently in charge of ongoing scholarly project, a novel approach in exploitation of waste agar generated in microbial and tissue culture laboratory towards production of bioethanol sponsored by Karnataka State Council for Science and Technology (KSCST).
Abstract:
Background: Treatment of cancer with the aid of nanotechnology has been a field of intense research over the past few years. Although advantages of nanocarriers include improved pharmacokinetics, encapsulation of cytotoxic agents and enhanced accumulation of therapeutics in the tumor microenvironment, the scope of improving selectivity through design of ‘target specific’ nanovehicles has been the most sought after avenues of nanomedicine research. Objective: Objective of this current work was to discover novel soft nanostructures with the capability of specifically targeting colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: Studies have shown that colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Arginine based peptide nanotubes (soluble) and fibers (gels) have been synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesizer and developed as nanocarriers of small molecular drugs. Results: These soft nanostructures were installed with target specific moieties like gastrin releasing peptides (receptors overexpressed in cell surface of several malignant tissues, particularly in colon cancer). Conclusions: A unique process of co-assembly has been employed to develop these superior nanocarriers. Briefly, Bombesin (7-14) (Q-W-A-V-G-H-L-M) was tagged to amyloid 17-21 Aβ residue (R-L-V-F-F-A-L) and co-assembled with untagged RLVFFAL sequences to generate a novel class of target specific nanotubes. Also, Rhodamine was tagged to these sequences (Rh-L-V-F-F-A-L) to investigate the mechanism of cellular uptake of the nanostructures through confocal microscopy. Similarly, Fmoc based gelators featuring Arginine were developed and then functionalized with Bombesin (7-14) sequences. Drugs like Campothecin, Curcumin and Irinotecan were loaded on to these soft nanostructures. Finally, the cytotoxicity of these soft nanostructures and their efficacy to deliver cargo (drugs) was probed in HT-29 cell lines (overexpressing GRP cell lines).
Minoru Taya
University of Washington, USA
Title: Design of nanorobotics based on flexible FePd nanohelix for cancer treatment
Time : 12:30 PM-1:00 PM
Biography:
Minoru Taya is currently Director, Center for Intelligent Materials and Systems, and also Nabtesco Endowed Chair Professor of Mechanical Engineering in University of Washington. Dr. Minoru Taya obtained his BS in Engineering in 1968 from University of Tokyo, and his MS in 1973 and PhD 1977 in Theoretical Applied Mechanics from Northwestern University. Dr. Taya involved in supervising a number of projects related to multifunctional materials and composites with emphasis on sensing and active materials, and compact actuators Most recently, we is working on (i) FePd nanohelix based nanorobotics under NSF-NRI program where the FePd nanohelix can shrink and expand upon switching on and off magnetic field and (ii) soft-matter based robotic hand technology using dielectric elastomer. Dr. Taya has published over 330 papers, 5 book chapters in the area of intelligent materials and systems and composites and 7 books. In addition, he published the three monograph books.
Abstract:
Recently, we successfully processed the FePd nanorobots (NRs) by using electrochemistry route and post annealing process. The actuation mechanism of the proposed FePd NRs is based on two scientific mechanisms associated with ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Fe70Pd30; (i) hybrid mechanism of chain reaction events; applied magnetic field gradient, magnetic force, stress-induced martensite phase transformation of Fe70Pd30 from stiff austenite to soft martensite, resulting in larger displacement at very high speed that we discovered and (ii) magnetic interactions coupled with stress-induced martensite phase transformation under constant magnetic field, resulting in large displacement. This phase transformation of FePd nanohelix is considered different from that of its bulk sized FePd. It is found that the martensite start temperature(Ms) of the FePd nano-material is shifted toward lower temperature as compared with that Ms of the bulk sized FeP and also the FePd nanohelix NR can exhibits nano-motions under applied constant magnetic field.There are many applications we can apply the above FePd NRs, one of which is a new treatment of cancers by applying mechanical stress loading on live cancers, inducing mechanical stress induced cell death (MSICD) on target cancer cells. We performed a biocompatibility testing on Fe7Pd3 nanoparticles to find that the use of modest amount of the FePd nanoactuators would NOT be cytotoxic to BT-474 breast cancer cells. Here we report some preliminary results of in vitro experiment of MSICD using macroscopic mechanical loading set up which apply mainly dynamic compression loading to live target cells via agarose gel layer. The preliminary results of MSIC indicate that the live breast cancer cells under dominant compressive stress loading area exhibit a mixture of apoptosis and necrosis cell death modes while those under dominant shear stress loading area shows strongly necrosis cell mode
Biography:
Mohammad Mirjalili, Vice President of Research and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, Associate Professor of Textile Engineering & Polymer Department, received his M.Sc. (1998) in textile chemistry. Continued his post graduate studies at the Islamic Azad University, Tehran south branch related to dyeing modification of wool fabric with reactive dyes. Received his Ph. D.(2002) in textile chemistry at Islamic Azad University of Tehran south. He conducted more than 13 Project and 9 doctoral research as well as project related to textile chemistry. He has published more than 30 scientific papers and presented at a number of national and international conferences including 12th International Toki Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion 2001 in Japan, Word Textile Conference AUTEX2009 in Turkey, Nano Technology Science 2010 in Canada, 11th World Textile Conference AUTEX 2011 in France and 12th World Textile Conference AUTEX 2012 in Croatia. His scientific work is related to Synthesis of Dyes for textile, Industrial wastewater treatment plant, Nano Technology, Natural Dyes, Drug release, Texture engineering and Medical Engineering
Abstract:
The objective of this work was to fabricate electrospun hybrid nanofibers based on cellulose acetate (CA) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) containing tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) and phenytoin sodium (PHT-Na), respectively. The performance evaluation of the samples was investigated in terms of morphology, drug release, cell cytotoxicity, adhesion, antibacterial property, as well as wettability. The results showed that the CA/PVA hybrid nanofibers have a uniform shape and a narrow diameter distribution (160–180 nm). The release trend of TC from CA significantly decreased in hybrid nanofibers owing to the gelation of PVA in an aqueous solution, and the release mechanism followed the Higuchi model. Besides the improvement in cell growth and the viability of CA/PVA hybrid samples, their antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus stood at ~89% and ~98%, respectively. Furthermore, the obtained result from water contact angle showed a good hydrophilic property for the samples with value of 45° which made them promising materials used in biomedical applications potentially.
Umesh Manni
University of Liverpool School of Medicine, UK
Title: Golden treatment for blindness: The use of gold nanoparticles as an enhanced-drug delivery system in age-related macular degeneration
Biography:
Umesh Manni is currently pursuing Bachelor’s degree in Medicine at the University of Liverpool, UK. He currently sits on the Liverpool Research Committee as a Treasurer. He has a special interest in opthalmology and nanotechnology.
Abstract:
Background: Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) has fast become one of the leading causes of blindness in the developed world. There are number of effective bio-macromolecule therapeutics available to treat patients with AMD but due to their susceptibility to biodegradation these drugs are required to be administered at regular intervals via monthly intravitreal injections. This invasive procedure can be unpleasant for the patient and lead to detrimental side effects. Gold nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have been emerging as an attractive alternative. Studies have shown that these nanoparticles can be used as drug depots that can control the release of drugs by exposing them to light. Method: Three studies, which used in vitro and in vivo models to test these drug delivery systems, were presented and analyzed. Results: These studies demonstrated successful application of gold nanoparticles, in vivo and in vitro, in releasing multiple biologics for ocular therapeutics using polymer-coated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) inside an agarose hydrogel as therapeutic depot. Hydrogel infused with gold nanoparticles could, when exposed to light, release pre-loaded therapeutics. Conclusion: Although success was shown using gold nanoparticle delivery systems in vivo and in vitro, human trials must be considered along with longer term studies before these techniques can be implemented. The method can potentially reduce the number of intravitreal injections required.
Madiha Batool
Govenment College University, Pakistan
Title: Biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles by using Aloe barbadensis leaf extracts and study of application in Congo red (Acid red 28) dye removal
Biography:
Madiha Batool has her expertise in nano-metal green synthesis and its application in degradation of azo dyes. She has experimented on five azo dyes and study effect of degradation efficiency of metal nanoparticles.
Abstract:
Development of green nanotechnology is generating interest of researchers toward eco-friendly biosynthesis of nanoparticles. In this study, biosynthesis of stable copper nanoparticles was done using Aloe barbadensis leaf extract. First of all, we prepared leaf extract of Aloe barbadensis in de-ionized water. This extract added to 1 mmol of copper sulfate solution and observed the change in color of the solution from colorless to dark brown colored solution. The present study tracing of an object is a green synthesis of copper nanoparticles by the interaction of leaf extract and copper salt and its dye removal efficiency. Copper-oxide nanoparticles in this study examined the efficient removal of Congo red CR dye. The effects of variables like concentration, time, pH, adsorbent dosage also examined in this present study. This was noted that maximum pH 3, the concentration of nanoparticles 1 mg, maximum time 120 minutes was optimum condition for dye removal. Biosynthesis of nanoparticle put forward a cost-free and environmentally suitable method of nanoparticle synthesis. The characterization of copper oxide nanoparticles like X-ray diffraction and SEM analysis showed that average particle size calculated was 40 nm. The shape of the copper nanoparticles was spherical and cubic and their range of grain was 80-120 nm. EDX of synthesized nanoparticles showed copper 38%. UV spectrophotometer analysis confirms peak of the copper nanoparticles between 200-600 nm.
Abdeen Omer
Ministry of Health and Social Welfare Khartoum, Sudan
Title: Medicine distribution, regulatory privatization, social welfare services and its alternatives
Biography:
Abdeen Mustafa Omer has completed his BSc, MSc, PhD and is an Associate Researcher at Occupational Health Administration, Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Khartoum, Sudan. He has been listed in the book WHO’S WHO in the World 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2010. He has published over 300 papers in peer-reviewed journals, 200 review articles, 7 books and 150 chapters in books.
Abstract:
The strategy of price liberalization and privatization had been implemented in Sudan over the last decade and has had a positive result on government deficit. The investment law approved recently has good statements and rules on the above strategy in particular to pharmacy regulations. Under the pressure of the new privatization policy, the government introduced radical changes in the pharmacy regulations. To improve the effectiveness of the public pharmacy, resources should be switched towards areas of need, reducing inequalities and promoting better health conditions. Medicines are financed either through cost sharing or full private. The role of the private services is significant. A review of reform of financing medicines in Sudan is given in this article. Also, it highlights the current drug supply system in the public sector, which is currently responsibility of the Central Medical Supplies (CMS) public corporation. In Sudan, the researchers did not identify any rigorous evaluations or quantitative studies about the impact of drug regulations on the quality of medicines and how to protect public health against counterfeit or low quality medicines, although it is practically possible. However, the regulations must be continually evaluated to ensure the public health is protected against by marketing high quality medicines rather than commercial interests and the drug companies are held accountable for their conducts. The study reveals the need for further research to find out how efficient the regulatory authorities at both federal and state levels are. The research also needed to discover whether or not counterfeit medicines are sold on the Sudanese market. From the data obtained in this article some general inferences could be made: (1) Broad outlines remain intact, but preventing drug smuggling across national borders (Sudan shares frontiers with 9 countries) is hard to police. (2) The enforcement of the act and its regulation governing the manufacture, importation, sale, distribution and exportation of medicines are not adequate enough to control the illegal importation and sale of medicines in Sudan. (3) The splitting of the drug regulatory authority between two ministries and the marketing of unregistered medicines by public drug suppliers (namely the CMSPO and RDFs) and NGOs undermine the quality of medicines and ultimately jeopardize the health of the people taking medication.
Ahmed Mokhtar Ramzy
Cairo University, Egypt
Title: Use of nanoplates for detection of pathogenic bacteria in water tubes
Biography:
Ahmed Mokhtar Ramzy has completed his BSc in Biotechnology from Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University and Masters in Bioinformatics from Suez Canal University. He is a Research Intern at Biomedical lab from Helioplois University.
Abstract:
Nanotechnology is an emerging field that covers a wide range of disciplines, including the frontiers of chemistry, materials, medicine, electronics, optics, sensors, information storage, communication, energy conversion, environmental protection, aerospace and more. It focuses on the design, synthesis, characterization and application of materials and devices at the nanoscale, nanomaterials are the foundation of nanotechnology and are anticipated to open new avenues to numerous emerging technological applications. Nanotechnology has grown very fast in the past two decades because of the availability of new approaches and tools for the synthesis, characterization and manipulation of nanomaterials the purification of drinking water is a primary environmental application of nanotechnology, contamination over freshwater resources. Seawater is becoming a recognized source for drinking water, as freshwater becomes significantly scarce. We use the iron oxide nanoplates carried with specific virus that detect the pathogeneic bacteria (E. coli) in water tube as indicator for the pathogenicity of the water tube and as method for choosing the suitable way for water purification.
Badis Bendjemil
University of Badji Mokhtar, Algeria
Title: Carbon nanotubes in cancer diagnosis and therapy
Biography:
Badis Bendjemil, LASEA, Department of Chemistry, University of Badji-Mokhtar, 23000 Annaba, Algeria; University of 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, 24000 Guelma, Algeria
Abstract:
During the past years, Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted considerable interest since their first discovery. Great progress has been made in the field of nanomaterials given their great potential in biomedical applications. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs), due to their unique physicochemical properties, have become a popular tool in cancer diagnosis and therapy. They are considered one of the most promising nanomaterials with the capability of both detecting the cancerous cells and delivering drugs or small therapeutic molecules to these cells. Because of the unique structure, extremely high specific surface area to-volume ratio enable them to use in an intense real time applications such as detection and treatment of cancerous cells, nervous disorders, tissue repair and excellent electrical and mechanical properties carbon nanotubes composed of excellent mechanical strength, electrical and thermal conductivities makes them suitable substance towards developing medical devices. CNTs have been explored in almost every single cancer treatment modality, including drug delivery with small nanomolecules, lymphatic targeted chemotherapy, thermal therapy, photodynamic therapy and gene therapy and demonstrate a great promise in their use in targeted drug delivery systems, diagnostic techniques and in bio-analytical applications. Majority of the biomedical applications of CNTs must be used after successful functionalization for more potential applications than pristine CNTs. There are several approaches to modify pristine CNTs to potentially active. CNTs poised into the human life and exploited in medical context. Here in, we reviewed the following topics: (1) Functionalization of CNTs; (2) CNTs in real time applications such as drug delivery, gene therapy, biosensors and bio imaging; (3) CNTs 3D printed scaffolds for medicine and (4) biocompatibility and biodegradability. The types of CNTs, properties, methods of synthesis, large scale production method, purification techniques and characterization aspects of carbon nanotubes. In the second part of the review, the functionalization of carbon nanotubes is reviewed in detail, which is not only important to make them biocompatible and stable in biological systems but also render them a great property of loading various biomolecules, diagnostic and therapeutic moieties resulting in diversified applications. In the final part of the review, emphasis is given on the pharmacokinetic aspects of carbon nanotubes including administration routes, absorption mechanisms, distribution and elimination of carbon nanotubes based systems. Lastly, a comprehensive account about the potential biomedical applications has been given followed by insights into the future carbon nanotubes from synthesis to in vivo biomedical applications.