16^th World Medical Nanotechnology Congress September 3-4, 2018 Tokyo, Japan

Biography:

Dr. Hussein Ammar, Holder of the First Class Golden Medal for Sciences and Arts and the recipient of the 2010 Appreciation State Prize in the realm of Advanced Technological Sciences. Professor Ammar is currently the Chairman, Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt; formerly, Dean of the Pharmacy Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt. He has 123 research papers published in international scientific journals. These research papers cover most of the areas related to pharmaceutics, bio pharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics. Design of new drug delivery systems is not beyond the scope of his interest.

Abstract:

Nanotechnology is attracting great attention worldwide in biomedicine. Targeted therapy based on drug nanocarrier systems enhances the treatment of tumors and enables the development of targeted drug delivery systems.In recent years, theranostics are emerging as the next generation of multifunctional nanomedicine to improve the therapeutic outcome of cancer therapy. Polymeric nanoparticles with targeting moieties containing magnetic nanoparticles as theranostic agents have considerable potential for the treatment of cancer.The use of directed enzyme prodrug therapy (DEPT) has been investigated as a means to improve the tumor selectivity of therapeutics. Magnetic DEPT involves coupling the bioactive prodrug-activating enzyme to magnetic nanoparticles that are then selectively delivered to the tumor by applying an external magnetic field. Gene therapy is an attractive method for meeting the needs for curing brain disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. On the other hand, due to the fact that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is resistant to standard chemotherapeutic agents, gene therapy appears to be a more effective cure for HCC patients.Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery is a novel technique for enhancing the penetration of drugs into diseased tissue beds noninvasively. This technique is broadly appealing, given the potential of ultrasound to control drug delivery spatially and temporally in a noninvasive manner.

 

 

Biography:

Thomas Prevenslik developed the simple theory of QED based on the Planck law of QM. Differing from the complex QED by Feynman and others, simple QED assumes any heat absorbed in nanoparticles having high surface-to-volume ratios place interior atoms under high EM confinement that by the Planck law of QM precludes the atoms from having the heat capacity to conserve heat by an increase in temperature. In the instant topic of Nanoparticles and DNA damage, the NPs are not physical entities, but rather are nano globules that form from adjuvants upon mixing with water prior to spraying, the adjuvants added to Monsanto’s herbicide glyphosate to enhance penetration through the leaves of weeds. Since crops are contiguous with weeds, the NPs of nano bubbles finally reside in the crop and upon ingestion in the human. Heat produced in metabolism produces low levels of UV radiation that damages the DNA of nearby cells. Monsanto is urged to stop the use of the glyphosate and adjuvants to avoid DNA damage leading to cancer in the present and successive human generations.

Abstract:

Statement of the Problem: Nanoparticles or NPs are known to cause DNA damage [1] for over at least the past decades, but the causal relation of NPs to human health remains unknown. Chemical reactions of NPs with the DNA cannot be the causal relation as DNA damage occurs [2] even with inert gold NPs suggesting a physical causal relation such as high temperature. Photodynamic therapy [3] is thought to kill cancer cells by high temperatures in laser heating of NPs. Although the laser increases the temperature of surrounding tissue, the NP temperature itself does not because the Planck law of QM requires [4] the NP heat capacity to vanish. QM stands for quantum mechanics. Methodology: Contrarily, photodynamic therapy does not induce necrosis of cancers by increasing the temperature of the quantum sized NPs, and instead NPs produce EM radiation beyond the UV that induces cancer necrosis suggesting the causal relation of NPs to human health is therefore the well-known genotoxicity of DNA to UV radiation. The wavelength  of the emitted EM radiation is,  = 2nd, where n and d are the refractive index and diameter of the NP. For NPs having n = 1.5, DNA damage for EM radiation beyond the UVC (  < 254 nm ) occurs [5] for NP diameters d < 85 nm as shown in Figure 1. Discussion: Solar UV is only thought to cause DNA damage to the skin and may lead to cancer, but cannot penetrate the skin to damage internal organs. However, NPs rescind this paradigm. Indeed, NPs by entering the body in the GM food we eat produce [1] the low levels UV to damage the DNA of tissue in the gut and digestive tract. The DNA damage from GM food that includes NPs in Monsanto’s Roundup herbicide tot enhances crop yields by controlling weeds in modern agriculture are discussed. GM stands for genetically modified. Recommendations To avoid genetic cancers in human DNA evolution, herbicide manufacturers should stop use of NPs in controlling weeds.

Biography:

Dr. Mousa finished PhD from Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH and Post-doctoral Fellowship, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY. He also received his MBA from Widener University, Chester, PA. Dr. Mousa is currently an endowed tenure Professor and Executive Vice President and Chairman of the Pharmaceutical Research Institute and Vice Provost for Research at ACPHS. Prior to his academic career, Dr. Mousa was a senior Scientist and fellow at The DuPont Pharmaceutical Company for 17 years where he contributed to the discovery and development of several FDA approved and globally marketed diagnostics and Therapeutics. He holds over 350 US and International Patents discovering novel anti-angiogenesis strategies, antithrombotics, anti-integrins, anti-cancer, and non-invasive diagnostic imaging approaches employing various Nanotechnology platforms. His has published more than 1,000 journal articles, book chapters, published patents, and books as editor and author. He is a member of several NIH study sections, and the editorial board of several high impact Journals. His research has focused on diagnostics and therapeutics of angiogenesis-related disorders, thrombosis, vascular and cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract:

Targeted delivery of drug incorporated nanoparticles, through conjugation of tumor-specific cell surface markers, such as tumor-specific antibodies or ligands can not only enhance the efficacy of the anticancer drug but also reduce the unwanted toxicity of the drug. Additionally, multifunctional characteristics of the nano-carrier system would allow for simultaneous imaging of tumor mass, targeted drug delivery and monitoring. A summary of recent progress in nanotechnology as it relates specifically to nanoparticles and anticancer drug delivery will be reviewed. Nano Nutraceuticals using combination of various natural products provide a great potential in cancer management. Additionally, various Nanomedicine approaches for the detection and treatment of various types of clots organ specific delivery, vascular targeting, improved PK / PD, and vaccine will be briefly discussed.

Learning Objectives: Highlight the Role of Nanobiotechnology and other enabling technologies in the followings:

• Targeted Drug Delivery
• Improved PK and PD
• Early detection (Imaging)
• Targeted Delivery of Chemotherapy for optimal efficacy and safety
• Nano synthesis and assembly of various platforms for Targeted Delivery 
• Nanobiotechnology in shortening the time and risk of Drug Discovery and Development

Biography:

Haruo Sugi graduated from post-graduated school in the University of Tokyo with the degree of PhD in 1962, and was appointed to be an Instructor in Physiology, in the University of Tokyo Medical School. From 1965 to 1967, he worked at Columbia University as research associate, and at the National Institutes of Health as a visiting scientist. Sugi was Professor and Chairman in Teikyo University Medical School from 1973 to 2004 when he became Emeritus Professor. He was Chairman of Muscle Commission in the International Union of Physiological Sciences from 1998 to 2008 (IUPS). He organized Symposia on molecular mechanism of muscle contraction six times, each followed by Proceeding published from University of Tokyo Press, Plenum, Kluwer and Springer and regarded as milestones of progress in this area of research work.

Abstract:

Although more than 50 years have passed since the monumental discovery of sliding filament mechanism in muscle contraction, the molecular mechanism of myosin head movement, coupled with ATP hydrolysis, is still a matter for debate and speculation. A most straightforward way to study myosin head movement, producing myofilament sliding, may be to directly record ATP-induced myosin head movement in hydrated, living myosin filaments using the gas environmental chamber (EC) attached to an electron microscope . While the EC has long been used by materials scientists for the in situ observation of chemical reaction of inorganic compounds, we are the only group successfully using the EC to record myosin head movement in living myosin filaments. We position-mark individual myosin heads by attaching gold particles (diameter, 20nm) via three different monoclonal antibodies, attaching to (1) at the distal region of myosin head catalytic domain (CAD), (2) at the myosin head converter domain(COD), and (3) at the myosin head lever arm domain(LD). First, we recoded ATP-induced myosin head movement in the absence of actin filaments, and found that myosin heads moved away from, but not towards, the central bare region of myosin filaments. We also succeeded in recording ATP-induced myosin head power stroke in actin-myosin filament mixture. Since only a limited proportion of myosin heads can be activated by a limited amount of ATP applied, myosin heads only move by stretching adjacent sarcomere structures. As shown in Fig.1, myosin head CAD did not move parallel to the filament axis in the standard ionic strength (B), while it moved parallel to the filament axis (C). These results indicate that myosin head movement does not necessarily obey predictions of the swinging lever arm hypothesis appearing in every textbooks as an established fact.

Biography:

Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida, has a joint appointment with the Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering. He has specific expertise in key research areas including Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases and Neurodegenerative diseases.  As a postdoctoral fellow, later as an Associate Professor at Harvard Medical School, Boston, he carried out angiogenesis and tumor microenvironment related research. After moving to Mayo Clinic as a Professor and also as Leader of both Tumor Microenvironment program and Translational Nanomedicine Programs, he has been supervising additional research areas including targeted drug delivery and novel drug development. He has published more than 198 peer-reviewed manuscripts in different journals including Nature, Nature Medicine, Caner Cell, Cancer Research, Nano Letters and other highly rated journals. He has several patents and has been involving to develop different start-up companies in the area of therapy and diagnosis of the diseases.

Abstract:

Reactive species, specifically nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), activate signal transduction pathways during angiogenesis and other biological systems and therefore play important roles in physiological development as well as various pathophysiologies. Herein, we utilize a near-infrared fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) sensor array to measure the single-molecule efflux of NO and H2O2 from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and cancer cells in response to angiogenic stimulation or chemotherapeutic drugs. The nanosensor array consists of a SWNT embedded within a collagen matrix that exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity to single molecules of specific reactive species. We observed that the production of H2O2 following VEGF stimulation is elevated outside of HUVEC, but not for stimulation via nanorods, while increased generation is observed in the cytoplasm for both cases, suggesting two distinct signaling pathways. In addition, we are able to detect the spatial resolution of NO in HUVEC cells in response to VEGF. Moreover, by employing transmission electron microscopy, confocal fluorescent microscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopic analysis, we have confirmed the internalization of DNA-SWCNT in HUVECs. Additionally, by using pharmacological inhibitors as well as genetic approaches, we have found that SWCNT is endocytosed through Rac1- GTPase mediated macropinocytosis in normal endothelial cells. Our work reveals a unique mode of entry of SWCNT in cells and might help to properly formulate SWCNT as nanovectors in biological systems. Moreover, the SWNT platform can be employed for early detection and therapeutic intervention of patients from liquid biopsies; this topic will be discussed as well.