Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Shaker A. Mousa
The Pharmaceutical Research Institute at Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, NY USA
Keynote: Impact of nanobiotechnology on the future of medicine (Nanomedicine): The road towards precision medicine
Time : 10:15-11:00
Biography:
Shaker A Mousa finished his PhD from Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH and Post-doctoral Fellowship, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY. He also received his MBA from Widener University, Chester, PA. He is currently an endowed tenure Professor and Executive Vice President and Chairman of the Pharmaceutical Research Institute and Vice Provost for Research at ACPHS. Prior to his academic career, he was a senior Scientist and fellow at The DuPont Pharmaceutical Company for 17 years, where he contributed to the discovery and development of several FDA approved and globally marketed diagnostics and therapeutics. He holds over 350 US and International Patents discovering novel anti-angiogenesis strategies, antithrombotics, anti-integrins, anti-cancer, and non-invasive diagnostic imaging approaches employing various nanotechnology platforms. His has published more than 1,000 journal articles, book chapters, published patents, and books as editor and author. He is a member of several NIH study sections, and the Editorial Board Member of several high impact Journals. His research has focused on diagnostics and therapeutics of angiogenesis-related disorders, thrombosis, vascular and cardiovascular diseases.
Abstract:
Over the past few years, evidence from the scientific and medical communities has demonstrated that nanotechnology and nanomedicine have tremendous potential to profoundly impact numerous aspects of cancer and other disorders in term of early diagnosis and targeted therapy. The utilization of nanotechnology for the development of new nano-carrier systems has the potential to offer improved chemotherapeutic delivery through increased solubility and sustained retention. One of the major advantages of this cutting edge technology is its unique multifunctional characteristics. Targeted delivery of drug incorporated nanoparticles, through conjugation of tumor-specific cell surface markers, such as tumor-specific antibodies or ligands, which can enhance the efficacy of the anticancer drug and reduce the side effects. Additionally, multifunctional characteristics of the nano-carrier system would allow for simultaneous imaging of tumor mass, targeted drug delivery and monitoring (Theranostics). A summary of recent progress in nanotechnology as it relates specifically to nanoparticles and anticancer drug delivery will be reviewed. Nano Nutraceuticals using combination of various natural products provide a great potential in diseases prevention. Additionally, various Nanomedicine approaches for the detection and treatment of various types of organ specific delivery, vascular targeting, and vaccine will be briefly discussed.
Keynote Forum
Mahi R Singh
Western University, Canada
Keynote: Mechanism of cancer sensing using quantum dots and metallic nanostructures
Time : 11:15-12:00
Biography:
Mahi R Singh received PhD (1976) degree from Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi in Condensed Matter Physics. After that, he was awarded an Alenxander vonrnHumbold Fellow in Stuttgart University, Germany from 1979 to 1981. Currently, he is Professor in the same university. He was a visiting Professor at University ofrnHouston. He also worked as a Chief Researcher at CRL HITACHI, Tokyo and he was a visiting Professor and Royal Society Professor at University of Oxford, UK.rnHe was the Director of the Centre of Chemical Physics and Theoretical Physics Program at Western. He has worked in many fields of research in science and technologyrnincluding nanoscience, nanotechnology, nanophotonics, optoelectronics, semiconductors structures, high temperature superconductors, nanophotonics, rnplasmonics, polarotonics and nanoscience and technology.
Abstract:
We study new types of the sensing mechanism for cancers sensing from quantum dots (QDs) and metallic nanoparticlernhybrids. It is well known that the metallic nanoparticles have negative electric permittivity which leads to the formationrnof new particles called surface plasmon polaritons which may generate exceptionally strong localized electromagnetic fields.rnOn the other hand quantum dotes have electronic particles called exactions. The QDs interact with surface plasmon polaritonsrnof the metallic nanoparticles. We have calculated the energy exchange between the QDs and the nanoparticles in the presencernof exciton-surface plasmon interaction. It is found that energy transfer is enhanced in the presence of the nanoparticles whenrnthe excitons and surface plasmon frequencies are resonant. The energy transfer can be switched on and off by applying thernexternal fields such as lasers or stress fields. The energy transfer can be used as sensing mechanism for cancer treatment. Thernpresent results can be used to make new types of nanoscale cancer detection devices based on these hybrid nanostructures.
- Nanotechnology in Medicine
Nanopharmaceuticals
Medical Nanotechnology in cancer therapy
Location: 1
Chair
Shaker A Mousa
Albany college of Pharmacy and Health Science, USA
Co-Chair
Robert K DeLong
Kansas State University, USA
Session Introduction
Robert K DeLong
Kansas State University, USA
Title: Characterizing the nanobio interface of bio-metal or bio-metal oxide nanoparticles: Impact on the function and delivery of proteins and RNA
Biography:
Robert K DeLong received his Doctorate from Johns Hopkins University and did a Post-doc at the University of North Carolina in the School of Medicine. He began his career in Biopharma where his groups translated DNA vaccine particles from pre-clinical research into clinical development. During 2004-2005, he transitioned back into academia where he has taught undergraduate and graduate level biochemistry, molecular biology, research and nanomedicine courses. He has coauthored one textbook for biochemistry, molecular biology and biotechnology laboratory and published more than fifty book chapters, review or research articles on DNA, RNA and protein nanoparticles, their characterization, delivery and biological activity.
Abstract:
Our group is studying the effect of nanomaterials on the structure, function and delivery of proteins and nucleic acids as potential nanomedicines against cancer and infectious diseases. In particular, we have focused on metal or metal oxide nanoparticles derived from bio-elements such as zinc, manganese and others which normally mediate biomolecular interactions and stability in cells and tissues. We are comparing traditional characterization methods to newer applications and developing methods utilizing UV, fluorescence and photoluminescence spectroscopy and microscopy to better elucidate the nanobio interface, biochemical activity and physiological consequences of nanoparticles. Our results till date support that factors such as biomolecular interactions, stabilization and delivery size, shape and material dependent affect the above methods and that certain nanoparticles exhibit some protein and RNA specificity. Overall the data suggest upscale synthesis of homogenous nanoparticle with these ideal compositions and properties. Better characterization methods will be required to completely analyze medical nanotechnology potential.
Amalraj Fabian Davamani
International Medical University, Malaysia
Title: Chitosan-propolis nanoformulation for combating Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in vitro
Biography:
Fabian Davamani completed his PhD at IBMS, University of Madras and worked at National Institute of Immunology, India and National Science Council, Taiwan as a Post-doctoral fellow. Currently, he is working as a faculty in International Medical University, Malaysia; previously worked at Loyola College, Chennai and Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS), Pilani, India. He worked on infectious diseases of the eyes, genotyping of BPD patients, peptides and truncated protein internalization, mechanism and pathways, developed nano formulation against microbes. He is a Biosaferty Officer and Deputy Head, Center for Bioactive Molecules and Drug Delivery (BMDD) in International Medical University (IMU) and Head of Microbiology Research Focus Group at IMU.
Abstract:
Enterococcus faecalis are bacteria commonly detected in asymptomatic, persistent endodontic infections that grow in the presence or absence of oxygen. They cause urtinary tract infections, wound infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, endodontic infections and are also capable of forming biofilms in implant devices. Propolis is a resinous substance rich in flavanoids and has anti-bacterial properties. Malaysian propolis was obtained from the bee farms and tested for its effect on biofilm formation by E. faecalis in vitro. A twenty percent extract of propolis was prepared using ethanol or ethyl acetate. Chitosan-propolis nanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate of sodium. Chromatographic analysis was performed by using HPLC. The nanoparticles were characterized in terms of average particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and morphological characteristics. The average particle size in the nanoformulation measured by transmission electron microscopy was 125-200 nm. The zeta potential calculated ranged between 33-37±6 mV depicting good stability. E. feacalis was allowed to form biofilms in 96-well microtitre plates (Nunc) and the efficacy of the different extracts of propolis as well as the nanonformulation in inhibiting the biofilms was tested. Biofilm growth was monitored and bacterial viability in the biofilm was calculated. Nanoformulation of propolis gave the best inhibitory effect (at 75 μg) compared to ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts (200 μg). The effect of the nanoformulation on the expression of bacterial genes involved in biofilm formation was also studied. Sustained release by biodegradable chitosan flavonoids nanoformulation is able to provide long-term disinfection leading to effective thereapy.
S Kamran Kamrava
Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Title: A new protocol for photothermal therapy of cancer using folate conjugated gold nanoparticles
Biography:
S Kamran Kamrava has completed his fellowship from Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS) and now he is a faculty member at IUMS, Department of ENT. He is the Director of Clinical NanoMedicine Lab at IUMS, and has published more than 30 papers in reputed journals.
Abstract:
The most common disadvantage of photothermal therapy is its nonselectivity and requirement of high power densities of laser. The use of plasmonic nanoparticles as highly enhanced photoabsorbing agents has thus introduced a much more selective and efficient cancer therapy strategy. Herein, we demonstrated the selective targeting and destruction of human nasopharynx cancer cells (KB cells) using the photothermal therapy of folate-conjugated gold nanoparticles (F-GNPs). Considering the beneficial characteristics of GNPs and overexpression of the folate receptor by KB cells, we selected F-GNPs as a targeted photothermal therapy agent. Cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using an annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide apoptosis detection kit. No cell damage or cytotoxicity from the individual treatment of laser light or F-GNPs was observed. However, a 64% cell lethality was achieved for KB cells using combined photothermal therapy of 5 μM F-GNPs with 15 min laser exposure (532 nm; 150 mW) and 12-h incubation periods. Cell lethality strongly depends on the concentration of F-GNPs and the incubation period that is mainly due to the induction of apoptosis. This targeted damage is due to the F-GNPs present in the cancer cells strongly absorbing laser light and rapidly converting it to heat. This new therapeutic avenue for cancer therapy merits further investigation using in vivo models for application in humans.
K S Meena
Queen Mary’s College, India
Title: Photodynamic cancer therapy of Ag@ZrO2 of core-shell nanoparticles in vitro
Biography:
K S Meena is working as Associate Professor of Chemistry & Controller of Examination, and also acts as the Co-ordinator of Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility Centre in Queen Mary’s College, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract:
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is one of the emerging treatment modalities for cancer that takes the advantage of the interaction between light and a photosensitizing agent to initiate cell death. In the present work, core-shell type Ag@ZrO2 nanoparticles were prepared by one pot simultaneous reduction of AgNO3 and hydrolysis of Zr (IV) isopropoxide. They were characterized by absorption, XRD, HR-TEM and EDAX techniques. XRD patterns show the presence of monoclinic ZrO2 and the noble metal (Ag). HR-TEM measurement revealed that their size is below 50 nm. EDAX studies show that coating of ZrO2 on the metal surface. The photohemolysis studies carried out under two different experimental conditions in human erythrocytes, shows that the photohemolysis increases with concentration as well as light dose. The study of the effect of scavengers, GSH and NaN3 showed the formation of the considerable amount of Reactive oxygen species (ROS). The mechanism has been discussed. The photogeneration of singlet oxygen was confirmed by ESR technique. The cell viability of HeLa cell lines studied using MTT assay method, indicates the requirement of low light dose with increase in concentration. The above results confirm that Ag@ZrO2 core-shell nanoparticles can very well be used as nanophotosensitizer for PDT in the place of conventional organic photosensitizers.
B Deva Prasad Raju
Sri Venkateswara University, India
Title: Surface modification of biosynthesized ZnO nanoparticles by PEG and their antioxidant activity
Biography:
B Deva Prasad Raju completed PhD in Physics from Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. Currently, he is working as an Associate Professor of Physics and also Director, University Science Instrumentation Centre, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati. He was awarded with Young Scientist award from DST, Govt. of India, New Delhi and also Scientist of the Year 2012 award from National Environmental Science Academy, New Delhi. He has published more than 50 articles in reputed journals with impact factor ranging from 2 to 5. He has received research grants from various organizations such as DST, DAE-BRNS, etc. He is currently involved in the field of luminescence technology, photonics and optoelectronic technology and nanotechnology. Five PhD degrees are awarded under his supervision.
Abstract:
Using nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery to the brain is a method for transporting drug molecules across the blood brain barrier (BBB). These drugs cross the BBB and deliver pharmaceuticals to the brain for therapeutic treatment of neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease. The metal nanoparticles such as zinc, gold and silver and oxides of zinc have great role in medical and biological applications. In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized using the Ocimum Tenuiflorum extract and surface of ZnONPs was modified by a polymer reactant PEG (Polyethylene glycol). Structural, morphological, particle size and optical properties of the PEG coated ZnONPs have been characterized by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS or EDX), Zeta Potential and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The UV-Vis spectrum showed an absorption peak that reflects Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The optical measurements were attributed to the band gap. Zeta potential determines the stability of the PEG coated ZnONPs. The antioxidant activity of PEG coated ZnONPs was also determined by Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay. PEG coated ZnONPs showed maximum inhibition and absorbance. This study indicates that PEG coated ZnONPs may find use in the treatment of neuroinflammation, brain tumors and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease where the blood brain barrier is compromised.
M Suriyavathana
Periyar University, India
Title: Nanobased phytopotential of Canthium coromandelicum against fluoride induced nephrotoxicity
Biography:
M Suriyavathana has completed her PhD in 2007 from Bharathiar University and holds the position as Assistant Professor in Department of Biochemistry, Periyar University, India. As a part of Doctoral guidance, she produced 11 Scholars, 35 MPhil scholars, currently guiding 6 PhD Scholars and has 22 years of vast experience in the field of Teaching and Research and specialized in phyto-pharmaceuticals, plant therapeutics, clinical biochemistry & nanotechnology. She has published nearly 60 articles in various referred National and International journals. She has authored two books. Recently, she organized a two day National Conference on New Horizon of Nanotechnology in Bioscience - 2016, 7th & 8th January 2016. She delivers periodic special lectures as Invited Speaker in various national & international conferences. To her credentials, she has been honored Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam Award for Scientific Excellence for the year 2015.
Abstract:
In nanotechnology, a particle is defined as a small object that behaves as a whole unit in terms of its transport and properties. Nanoparticles of noble metals, such as gold, silver, and platinum are widely applied in products that directly come in contact with the human body, so there is a growing need to develop Eco- friendly nanotherapeutics. Recently, biological or green chemistry synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) received enormous attention in design and development of synthesis using renewable high energy efficient materials. Therefore, the integration of green chemistry principles into nanotechnology is essential where the development of nanotechnology could benefit from a greener approach that promotes both performance and safety. Canthium coromandelicum upholds valuable medicinal property which finds application in the folklore of Indian Traditional medicinal practice. AgNPs were synthesized by using Canthium coromandelicum leaves extract. Green synthesized CCAgNPs are subjected to structural characterization to ascertain the phytocompounds which serves as the nephroprotective agent against fluoride induced nephrotoxicity. The in vivo study results suggests that the CCAgNPs exhibited remarkable restoration on the kidney marker enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, γ-GT & Cathepsin-D) and recovery of kidney tissues which is very well supported by the histopathological study. The effectiveness of CCAgNPs is supported further with molecular docking study. By performing dockings analysis, hereby thirteen compounds were identified out of two compounds Heptadecyl ester, Didodecyl phthalate showed very good docking posses with key inflammatory response enzymes like Cytochrome c and NF-kB. Heptadecyl ester, Didodecyl phthalate exhibited the best binding interactions among anti-inflammatory compounds and warrants for the development of potent NF-kB, Cytochrome C inhibitors serves as a lead compound which is presented to the scientific community for further investigation and confirmation for the treatment of renal diseases.
Woo Jung Shin
Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea
Title: Non-invasive cell tracking system using lipid supported polymeric nanoparticle
Biography:
Woo Jung Shin has completed MS from SungKyunKwan University. She is now conducting her research at SungKyunKwan University and planning to go US for her PhD. Her research interest mainly focused on biomaterials and their applications.
Abstract:
Conventional technology for cell tracking was mainly focused on fluorescence imaging and MRI. In case of using fluorescence imaging method, low ability of tissue penetration is a big obstacle when conducting in vivo imaging. Thus, this method sometimes required invasive method simultaneously. Also, MRI enables cells to be visualized through non-invasive method accurately. However, this technology requires a lot of money and time. On the other hand, NIR imaging costs less and it enables accurate imaging because of its deep tissue penetration ability. However, when using chemical penetration or gene transfection method to stain cells, it affects cell metabolism and it can cause carcinoma. Here, we excluded possibilities to destroy functionalities of cells using membrane coating method, instead of internalization into the cells. Also, we used lipid coated PLGA nanoparticles to encapsulate ICG (Indocyanine green) which makes the cells to have prolonged light emitting period. This method also reduced cell toxicity. Finally, it became possible to track cells without interfering cell functionalities.
Mohan C Pereira
University of Rhode Island, USA
Title: Formulation and delivery of lipophilic drugs to cancer cells by pHLIP® coated liposomes
Biography:
Mohan C Pereira is a final year Doctoral candidate at University of Rhode Island. He earned his BS from University of Colombo with Physics major and Pure and Applied Mathematics minors. In 2014, he received S Letcher scholarship for his academic and research achievements. His research interests include nanotechnology for medicine, targeted drug delivery and tumor targeting, pHLIP technology, hyperthermia for treatment, fluorescent imaging, radiation physics and physics and mathematics education.
Abstract:
Extracellular acidity is not only a universal biomarker for carcinoma and several other pathological conditions, but also a significant factor for pathological cell functioning and proliferation. Here, we report how we can exploit this biomarker to design novel, pHsensitive nanomedicine for therapeutics & diagnostics using pHLIP® technology. We formulated pHLIP® coated small, unilamillar vesicles with high stability and prolong shelf life to deliver hydrophobic agents to disease sites in more effective and safer way. For regular cell functioning, the right balance of ions in intracellular and extracellular spaces is vital. Any alterations done to this vital balance of ions could induce the cell death in both healthy and diseased cells. Apart from the extracellular acidity, the reverse pH gradient (intracellular pHi is higher than extracellular pHe) is another signature for cancerous cells. Here we report a stout mechanism to deliver nano-pores to cancer cells to disrupt the monovalent cation balance and induce apoptosis using pHLIP® coated liposomes. In this work, a gramicidin A is used to form monovalent cation conductive nano-pores. Another example is a delivery of lipophilic antineoplastic chemotherapeutic drug, paclitaxel (PTX), by pHLIP® coated liposomes. New formulation of PTX in pHLIP® coated liposomes shows high efficiency of PTX encapsulation and high stability. We show that PTX could be delivered to various forms of malignant cancers by pHLIP® coated liposomes. In both applications,